Analysis on tissue-related biomarkers in patients with acute aortic dissection / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical implication of tissue-related biomarkers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Ten Stanford Type A AAD patients, who were diagnosed and surgically treated in the Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, from December 2018 to August 2019, were selected as the case group. Meanwhile, 10 patients with atherosclerotic heart disease, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were selected as control group. The ascending aorta tissue specimens from patients of the two groups were collected during the operation. Four-dimensional non-standard quantitative proteomics technology (4D-LFQ) was used to detect the protein profile of ascending aorta tissue specimens of the two groups and to screen out differentially expressed proteins and analyze their biological functions. Precise quantification of the selected target proteins was achieved by parallel response monitoring (PRM). Results: A total of 3 985 proteins were identified by 4D-LFQ technology, among which 3 350 proteins could be quantified. There were 39 proteins were significantly upregulated and 47 proteins were significantly downregulated in AAD group. The results of biological function analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed proteins were located in the extracellular, and their functions were mainly involved in cell migration and proliferation, inflammatory cell activation, cell contraction, and muscle organ development. The 15 selected proteins underwent precise quantification by PRM, and the results showed that integrin α-Ⅱb (ITGA2B), integrin α-M (ITGAM), integrin β-2 (ITGB2), integrin β-3 (ITGB3) were significantly upregulated in the ascending aorta tissue of AAD patients. Conclusion: ITGA2B, ITGAM, ITGB2, and ITGB3 are highly expressed in aortic tissues of patients with AAD, which may be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AAD patients.

Predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio on myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 patients / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we collected and analyzed data form 133 severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Eastern District) from January 30 to February 18, 2020. Patients were divided into myocardial injury group (n=29) and non-myocardial injury group (n=104) according the presence or absence of myocardial injury. The general information of patients was collected by electronic medical record database system. All patients were followed up for 30 days, the organ injury and/or dysfunction were monitored, the in-hospital death was compared between the two groups, and the disease progression was reevaluated and classified at 14 days after initial hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 patients. The ROC of NLR was calculated, and the AUC was determined to estimate the optimal cut-off value of NLR for predicting myocardial injury in severe cases of COVID-19. Results: There was statistical significance in age, respiratory frequency, systolic blood pressure, symptoms of dyspnea, previous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease history, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein, platelet counting, aspartate transaminase, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, D-dimer, CD3+, CD4+, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of CO2, blood oxygen saturation, other organ injury, clinical outcome and prognosis between patients with myocardial injury and without myocardial injury (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was a risk factor for myocardial injury (OR=1.066，95%CI 1.021-1.111，P=0.033). ROC curve showed that NLR predicting AUC of myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 patients was 0.774 (95%CI 0.694-0.842), the optimal cut-off value of NLR was 5.768, with a sensitivity of 82.8%, and specificity of 69.5%. Conclusion: NLR may be used to predict myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 patients.

β3-adrenoceptor impacts apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes via activation of PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) has been shown to promote myocardial apoptosis. However, the exact physiological role and importance of this receptor in the human myocardium, and its underlying mode of action, have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of β3-AR on the promotion of myocardial apoptosis and on norepinephrine (NE) injury. We analyzed NE-induced cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis by using a TUNEL and an annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis assay. Furthermore, we investigated the NE-induced expression of the apoptosis marker genes Akt and p38MAPK, their phosphorylated counterparts p-Akt and p-p38MAPK, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. In addition, we determined the effect of a 48-h treatment with a β3-AR agonist and antagonist on expression of these marker genes. β3-AR overexpression was found to increase CM apoptosis, accompanied by an increased expression of caspase-3, bax/bcl-2, and p-p38MAPK. In contrast, the β3-blocker reduced apoptosis of CMs and the associated elevated Akt expression. We identified a novel and potent anti-apoptosis mechanism via the PI3K/Akt pathway and a pro-apoptosis pathway mediated by p38MAPK.

β3-adrenoceptor impacts apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes via activation of PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) has been shown to promote myocardial apoptosis. However, the exact physiological role and importance of this receptor in the human myocardium, and its underlying mode of action, have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of β3-AR on the promotion of myocardial apoptosis and on norepinephrine (NE) injury. We analyzed NE-induced cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis by using a TUNEL and an annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis aβsay. Furthermore, we investigated the NE-induced expreβsion of the apoptosis marker genes Akt and p38MAPK, their phosphorylated counterparts p-Akt and p-p38MAPK, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. In addition, we determined the effect of a 48-h treatment with a β3-AR agonist and antagonist on expression of these marker genes. β3-AR overexpression was found to increase CM apoptosis, accompanied by an increased expression of caspase-3, bax/bcl-2, and p-p38MAPK. In contrast, the β3-blocker reduced apoptosis of CMs and the associated elevated Akt expression. We identified a novel and potent anti-apoptosis mechanism via the PI3K/Akt pathway and a pro-apoptosis pathway mediated by p38MAPK.

Association between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 K469E polymorphism and coronary heart disease in people with Uygur ethnicity, in Xinjiang / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the distribution on K469E single nucleotide polymorphism of ICAM-1 gene among people with Uygur ethnicity, in Xinjiang and to analyze the correlation between ICAM-1 gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>245 patients with coronary heart disease patients and 377 healthy controls in Xinjiang Uygur population were studied. ICAM-1 gene K469E genotype located in exon 6 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Distribution of genotypes in the two groups appeared to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The distribution of genotypes showed significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.039)and the distributions of K and E allele also presented statistically significant difference (P = 0.031). Significant difference was also observed in males(P = 0.029 for genotype, P = 0.025 for allele)but not in females. After adjusted for confounding factors, results from logistic regression analysis indicated that KK genotype was a risk factor for CHD in Uygur male population (OR = 2.389, 95% CI:1.458-3.915, P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Genetic polymorphism of ICAM-1 K469E might increase the risk for coronary artery disease in males of Uygur patients in Xinjiang.</p>

Efficacy comparison between endovascular aneurysm repair versus open surgery for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms: a meta-analysis / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy between endovascular aneurysm repair versus open surgery in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systematic review was performed to identify clinical outcomes of randomized controlled trials for AAA patients receiving endovascular aneurysm repair or open surgery. The Cochrane Library (issue 7 of 2011), MEDLINE (1996 to 2011), EMBASE (1974 to 2011), CBM (1989 to 2011), CNKI (1997 to 2011), Wanfang data (1989 to 2011) were searched. Randomized trials that compared open or endovascular AAA repair and published clinical outcomes were selected. The outcome included all-cause mortality, aneurysm-related mortality, technical complications and re-open surgery. Data analyses were performed with the RevMan5.1 software. Publication bias was assessed by STATA software. A meta-regression model was used to describe between study variability. A total of 123 trials were excluded according to criteria. Four randomized controlled trials with 2607 patients met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no publication bias (Begg's test, Z = 1.02, P > 0.05; Egger's test, t = 0.98, P > 0.05). The meta-analysis showed that the incidence of all-cause mortality of endovascular repair was significantly lower than that of open repair up to 30 days post procedures [ RR = 0.32, 95%CI (0.18 - 0.56), P < 0.01] while long-term all-cause mortality was similar: DREAM study: [RR = 1.18, 95%CI (0.88 - 1.58), P > 0.05], EVAR study: [RR = 1.04, 95%CI (0.88 - 1.22), P > 0.05]. The incidence of aneurysm-related mortality of endovascular repair was lower than that of open repair in two studies [RR = 0.53, 95%CI (0.33 - 0.85), P < 0.01]. Technical complication between open repair group and endovascular repair group was similar [RR = 1.43, 95%CI (0.68 - 2.98), P > 0.05]. Incidence of re-open surgery was higher in endovascular repair group than in open surgery group [RR = 2.03, 95%CI (1.14 - 3.62), P < 0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with open surgery, endovascular repair is associated with lower 30-day all-cause mortality and aneurysm-related mortality, similar technical complication and long-term all-cause mortality, but higher risk for re-open surgery.</p>

Distributional characteristics of acylation stimulating protein gene 301T > C polymorphism and association with serum triglyceride in Han and Uighur residents in Xinjiang / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the distributional characteristics of acylation stimulating protein (ASP) gene polymorphism and the association with serum lipid level of Chinese Han and Uighur residents in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Genotypes of the ASP gene 301T > C polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 527 Uighur and 407 Han residents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype of ASP gene 301T > C were 74.9%, 21.3% and 3.6% in Han group and 47.6, 40.2% and 12.1% in Uighur group (P < 0.05). Serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in C allele carrier (TC + CC genotype) than in TT genotype carrier of both Han and Uighur individuals. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, BMI and serum total cholesterol, logistic regression analyses revealed that individuals carrying C allele (TC + CC genotype) faced an increased risk of increased serum triglyceride level than individuals carrying TT genotype in both Han and Uighur individuals (OR = 3.31, 95%CI: 1.31 - 8.36 in Uighur group; OR = 3.98, 95%CI: 1.81 - 8.74 in Han group).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a significant difference on mutational frequencies of the ASP gene 301T > C polymorphism between Uighur and Han residents in Xinjiang and C allele carriers face an increased risk for hypertriglyceridemia in both Uighur and Han residents in Xinjiang.</p>

Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus in children of Han, Uigurs and Kazaks ethnicities in Xinjiang / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors in children with Han,Uygur and Kazak ethnicities in Xinjiang.Methods A cross-sectional random samples involving aged 0-17 years were carried out to analyze the prevalence rates and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus in children of Han,Uigur and Kazak ethnicities from 3 prefectures (Hetian,Kashi and Fuhai) in Xinjiang Autonomous Regions.Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were defined by the China Diabetes Prevention and Control Standard set in 2007.Data was collected through filling in the questionnaires and results from physical examination and laboratory tests.Results The total prevalence rates of IFG and diabetes mellitus were 0.68％ and 0.09％,respectively.Data from logistic regression analysis suggested that overweight and obesity were risk factors for diabetes mellitus in children from Xinjiang,with odds ratio values as 2.844 and 3.963,respectively.Conclusion Children with Han,Uygur and Kazak ethnicities in Xinjiang had an overall standardized prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus.IFG were 0.57％ and 1.35％lower than the 2004 data from children at same age groups in Beijing and the whole nation,also 0.19％lower then the national rate of 5-17 years-old children juvenile diabetes.

Epidemiological survey on lipid levels in adults with Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities from Xinjiang, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of triglyceride,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Han,Uygur and Kazakh populations aged over 35 years,in Xinjiang area.Methods A four-stage randomly selected samples were used to analyze the prevalence rates of lipid levels in different nationalities,ages,sexes based on data from 7 areas in Xinjiang.Results ( 1 ) TG levels in Xinjiang appeared to be the highest in Han and lowest in Kazakh ethnicities with the means as (1.72 ± 1.45 )mmol/L,(1.21 ± 0.93 )mmol/L (F=209.272,P=0.000) respectively.The highest TC levels were seen in Kazakh with the lowest seen in Uygur,with means as (4.78 ± 1.16) mmol/L,(4.37 ± 1.13) mmol/L (F=168.796,P=0.000)respectively.Both HDL-C and LDL-C levels in Kazakh were the highest but remained the same level in Han and Uygur.(2) The value of TG reached the peak at age 45 to 54 in Han and Uygur,and then descending along with ageing.The overall TC level increased along with age but the HDL-C level generally declined with ageing.The LDL-C level showed a waving distribution along with the increase of age.(3) The TG levels were seen higher in men than in women among Han,Uygur and Kazakh but the TC levels of Han and Uygur were lower in men than in women.Both HDL-C and LDL-C levels were also lower in Han and Kazakh males than in females.(4) The prevalence rates of abnormalities were 35.12％,32.57％ and 16.44％ on TG; 27.83％,17.05％ and 33.43％ on TC; 32.68％,31.73％ and 28.72％ HDL-C;36.95％,37.02％ and 38.00％ on LDL-C,respectively.Conclusion People with Han and Uygur ethnicities in Xinjiang region had high TG,but low HDL-C distribution of blood lipids while the Kazakh had low TG,high TC,high HDL-C,high LDL-C blood lipids distribution.The distributions of TG levels were different in age,nationality and sex,except the distribution of LDL-C levels.More attention should be paid to the young men of Han and Uygur on prevention of dyslipidemia,in Xinjiang.

Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphism with coronary heart disease in Uygur population of Xinjiang / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of the -12238T/C polymorphism of apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene with coronary heart disease (CHD) and the influence of serum lipid levels in Chinese Uygur population of Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The -12238T/C polymorphism of APOA5 gene in 344 patients with CHD and 408 controls was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; the serum lipid levels were detected as well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of CC, TC and TT genotype were 6.69%, 43.31% and 50.00% in the CHD group, while they were 14.95%, 45.10% and 39.95% in the control group. There was significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between the two groups (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, smoking, serum total cholesterol, presence of hypertension and diabetes revealed that individuals carrying CC genotype had an increased risk of CHD compared with TT genotype (OR = 0.328, 95%CI: 0.154-0.700). There was also significant difference in serum triglyceride level in genotypes between these two groups (P < 0.01). Patients in CHD group who carried CC and TC genotypes had lower serum triglyceride level than the TT genotype carriers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The -12238T/C polymorphism of APOA5 gene has influence on the serum triglyceride level in Uygur population of Xinjianxg. This polymorphism might be associated with development of CHD, and the CC genotype might be a protective factor in the development of CHD.</p>

Current status of valvular heart diseases in Xinjiang: an epidemiological study on Han, Uygur and Kazkh ethnic populations / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological features of valvular heart disease (VHD)adult populations with different ethnicities in Xinjiang.Methods A total of 14 618 adults aged 35 or older were surveyed.Random sampling was employed to study valvular heart diseases in different age,gender and ethnic groups.Samples were collected fiom 7 localities (Urumqi,Ke lamayi,Fukang,Turfan Basin,Hetian,Altay,Yili Hazakh Autonomous Prefecture) in 23 municipalities and 5 autonomous counties in Xinjiang.The proportion of male to female accounted for 50％ each.Results The overall prevalence of valvular heart diseases was 7.67％ (male:7.31％ vs.female:8.00％).The prevalence rates of valvular heart diseases were 10.57％,2.36％ and 12.22％in Han,Uygur and Kazakh populations,respectively.The prevalence of valvular heart diseases was lower in Uygur than in Hazak and Han ethnic populations ( x2=3.90,P=0.000).Complications related to valvular heart diseases would include hypertension (63.20％),diabetes (7.60％),coronary heart disease (7.50％) and fibrillation atrial (3.20％).Conclusion The prevalence of valvular heart diseases had a substantial increase,parallel with age.Differences were seen on the prevelance rates of VHD among ethnic populations.

Association of MMP9 gene -1562 C/T polymorphism with myocardial infarction in Uighur population of Xinjiang / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene (MMP9) -1562C/T polymorphism and myocardial infarction (MI) in Uighur population of Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 347 patients with MI evidenced by coronary arteriography, and 403 controls free from coronary artery disease with normal angiograms were recruited for the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the -1562C/T functional promoter polymorphism of the MMP9 gene. The relationship between the polymorphism and the severity of coronary arterial stenosis was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that the frequency of CT and TT genotypes in patients with MI (27.67%) was significantly higher than that in controls (14.14%). The frequencies of the -1562T allele were 15.71% and 7.56% in the MI group and the control group respectively (chi-square=24.57, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the T allele carriers (CT+TT) had significantly increased risk of MI compared with the CC carriers (OR=2.009, 95%CI: 1.250-3.230). Individuals carrying the -1562T allele with diabetes mellitus were at an increased risk of MI (OR=3.714, 95%CI: 1.299-10.773). The frequencies of CT and TT genotypes were not significantly different among MI patients with one, two and three or more significantly diseased vessels (chi-square=0.491, P=0.782).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The -1562C/T polymorphism in the MMP9 gene promoter is associated with the susceptibility to MI in the Uighur population of Xinjiang. The T allele might be a risk factor of MI. And there was a coordinated effect between the -1562T allele and diabetes mellitus in the development of MI. The -1562C/T polymorphism may not be a predictor of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.</p>

Association of rs1805127 polymorphism of KCNE1 gene with atrial fibrillation in Uigur population of Xinjiang / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between the polymorphism of potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 1 (KCNE1) gene and atrial fibrillation (AF) in Uigur patients of Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and three patients with atrial fibrillation and 328 healthy controls were tested for the genotype for the KCNE1 gene SNP in the rs1805127 locus by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The risk factors were also included.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype frequencies of AA, AG and GG were 0.092 (28/303), 0.386 (117/303) and 0.522 (158/303) in the AF patients while they were 0.122(40/328), 0.485 (159/328) and 0.393 (129/328) in controls. There was significant difference in frequencies of the three genotypes (chi-square was 10.465, P=0.005) and G allele (0.715 vs. 0.636, chi-square was 8.907, P=0.003) between the AF and control groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the KCNE1 polymorphism was the main risk factor of AF in Uigur population. The OR value of genotype GG was 1.55, the 95% CI: 0.73-3.27.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For Uigur population, genetic polymorphism of rs1805127 locus of the KCNE1 gene may increase the risk of atrial fibrillation.</p>

Association between serum amyloid protein A1 polymorphisms and carotid intima media thickness in Han Chinese / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between genetic polymorphism of serum amyloid protein A1 (SAA1) with carotid intima media thickness in a healthy Han Chinese population of Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 449 healthy Han Chinese participating the cardiovascular risk survey between June 2007 and September 2009 were included, the genotypes of the SAA1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The mean IMT of the right and left common carotid arteries were measured by B-mode ultrasonography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There was strong linkage disequilibrium between rs12218 and rs2229338 (D' = 0.89). (2) The carotid common IMT (CC-IMT) and the carotid bulb IMT (CB-IMT) were similar between the AA genotype (wild genotype) and the GGFAG genotype (mutational genotype) in rs2229338 of SAA1 gene. (3) CC-IMT [(0.081 ± 0.071) cm vs (0.068 ± 0.019) cm, P = 0.01] was significantly thicker in CC + CT genotype (mutational genotype) group than in TT genotype (wild genotype) of rs12218 group and the difference remains significant after adjustment for age, gender, blood pressure, waist circumference, creatinine and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. CB-IMT [(0.085 ± 0.038) cm vs. (0.081 ± 0.052) cm, P = 0.36] was similar between CC + CT genotype and TT genotype of rs12218 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggested that the genetic polymorphism of SAA1 might be linked with IMT and rs12218 mutation could serve as a promoting factor for IMT in Han Chinese people.</p>

Survey on the situation of normal blood pressure and prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the situation of normal blood pressure and prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Random samples were used to analyze the incidence of normal blood pressure and prehypertension in 3 nationalities based on data from Han, Uygur and Hazakh residents living in 7 areas (Urumqi, Ke lamayi, Fukang, the Turfan Basin locality, Hetian locality, Altay locality, and Yili Hazakh autonomous prefecture) in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 16 460 subjects were selected with cluster sampling, and eligible data of 14 618 subjects were actually analyzed in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Incidence of normal blood pressure was 24.9% and the prevalence of prehypertension was 34.24% (35.6% fro male and 31.5% for female, P < 0.01) in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The prevalence of prehypertension was 37.34%, 32.95% and 30.62% in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in Han and Uygur population ≥ 45 years old, and in Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, age ≥ 45 years old, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and body mass index ≥ 24.0 kg/m(2) were risk factors while the female was a protective factor of prehypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The people with normal blood pressure is few and the prevalence of prehypertension is high in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥ 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and it is associated with many risk factors.</p>

Epidemiological survey of carotid artery intima-media thickness in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and the correlated risk factors in Han, Uygur, Hazakh residents over 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Cross-sectional and cluster sampling random selected method was carried out for residents over 35 years old in Han, Uygur, Hazakh population of Xinjiang to investigate IMT and correlated risk factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IMT of Han, Uygur, Hazakh residents over 35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region was (0.0761 ± 0.0283) cm, (0.0663 ± 0.0262) cm, and (0.0781 ± 0.0274) cm, respectively. There were significantly difference between various nationality (all P < 0.05). IMT was thicker in male Han people than in female Han people [(0.0807 ± 0.0288) cm vs. (0.0717 ± 0.0270) cm, P < 0.01] and in male Uygur than in female Uygur residents [(0.0706 ± 0.0270) cm vs. (0.0633 ± 0.0252) cm, P < 0.01] and in male Hazakh and female Hazakh residents [(0.0794 ± 0.0280) cm vs. (0.0768 ± 0.0268) cm, P < 0.01]. Linear correlation analysis showed that age (r = 0.176, P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.168, P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.167, P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose (r = 0.053, P < 0.05), total cholesterol (r = 0.097, P < 0.05) and ankle brachial index (r = 0.067, P < 0.05) were significantly correlated with IMT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results showed that IMT was thicker in Hazakh residents than in Han and Uygur residents. IMT was closely related to known cardiovascular risk factors including age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and ankle brachial index level.</p>

Prevalence of abnormal ankle brachial index in Xinjiang adult population / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal ankle brachial index(ABI) in Xinjiang adult population.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Random samples maternal age 35 and over were used to analyze the prevalence and distributing feature of self-reported abnormal ABI among different nationality in 7 municipalities and locality and 26 community and autonomous county in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 14 618 adults were surveyed. The prevalence of abnormal ABI was 1.26%. The prevalence of abnormal ABI was 3.56%, 7.05% and 5.79% in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population, respectively. Incidence of abnormal ABI was significantly higher in females than in males (6.65% vs 3.74%, χ(2) = 58.79, P = 0.00). Gender, nationality, systolic blood pressure, body mass index were independent predictors for abnormal ABI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study showed higher prevalence rate of abnormal ABI, especially in females, in Xinjiang. Nationality and gender are predictors for abnormal ABI.</p>

Value of aVR lead four steps algorithm on differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aVR lead four steps is a new algorithm for differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT). The study explores the clinical value of this new algorithm on differential diagnosis of WCT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Application of aVR lead four steps to analysis the electrocardiogram of patients with WCT proved by electrophysiological study. Every step's accuracy rate, sensitivity and specificity to differential diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were calculated. The first step diagnosed VT according to presence of an initial R wave in the aVR lead. The second step diagnosed VT according to width of an initial r or q wave > 40 ms in the aVR lead. The third step diagnosed VT according to notching on the initial downstroke of a predominantly negative QRS complex in the aVR lead. The fourth step diagnosis VT according to ventricular activation-velocity ratio (Vi/Vt) in the aVR lead, Vi/Vt ≤ 1 suggested VT. Results derived from aVR lead four steps algorithm were compared with results derived from Brugada and Vereckei four steps algorithm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 113 patients with WCT were analyzed (31 supraventricular tachycardia, SVT and 82 ventricular tachycardia, VT). The accuracy rate of differential diagnosis VT is 91.2%, sensitivity is 90.2% and specificity is 77.4%. The accuracy and sensitivity of the aVR lead four steps algorithm for differential diagnosis of WCT were superior to the Brugada Vereckei four steps algorithm (P < 0.05). The specificity of the Vereckei four steps algorithm was superior to aVR lead and Brugada four steps algorithm (P < 0.05), while the specificity of the aVR lead four steps algorithm was similar as Brugada four steps algorithm (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The aVR lead four steps algorithm is associated with excellent accuracy rate, sensitivity for differential diagnosis of WCT. This algorithm is simple and could be easily learned and applied by physician.</p>

Association of MMP-9 gene polymorphisms with acute coronary syndrome in the Uygur population of China / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a pivotal role in early atherosclerosis, vascular remodeling and development of atherosclerotic lesion. The potentially functional MMP-9 gene polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (-1562C>T, R279Q) of the MMP-9 gene in patients with ACS in the Uygur population of China. METHODS: This case-control study was composed of 361 ACS patients and 432 control subjects, who had undergone coronary angiography. Among the ACS patients, 162 (44.9％) had single-vessel disease, 145 (40.2％) had two-vessel disease, and 54 (14.9％) had three-vessel disease. The genotypes of the two selected SNPs were determined by the method of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). The relationship between the polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene and the severity of coronary arterial stenosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Analysis of the two SNPs showed that the frequency of CT and TT genotypes in patients with ACS was significantly higher than that in the control group (ACS vs. controls; CT+TT:25.5％ vs. 15.8％, P=0.001). And the -1562 gene allele (C/T) was significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS vs. controls; C allele: 85.7％ vs. 91.5％, T allele: 14.3％ vs. 8.5％, P<0.001). But the frequencies of CT+TT and CC genotypes were not statistically different among ACS patients with one, two and three or more significantly diseased vessels (P=0.55). The R279Q polymorphism site with regard to the association with ACS was not significant (P>0.05). The presence of CT or TT genotypes, assuming codominant effect of the T allele, was independently associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease when adjustment was made for age, body mass index, smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus [odds ratio=1.737 (95％ confidence interval, 1.337-2.257), P=0.018]. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-9-1562C>T polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to ACS in the Uygur population of China. However, this mutation apparently is not related to the severity of coronary arterial stenosis. Another SNP (R279Q) polymorphism of MMP-9 is not significantly associated with the risk of ACS.

Association between apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease in the Han population from Xinjiang / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The aim is to investigate the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and c.553G＞T polymorphism of apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) gene and the influence of serum lipid level in the Hah ethnic population of Xinjiang. Methods The polymorphism of ApoA5 gene in 486 patients with CHD and 501 controls was analyzed by methods of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Level of serum lipid in each patient was detected at the same time. Results There was significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between CHD group and controls group ( x2 = 8.757, P= 0.013 ). Non-conditioned logistic regression analyses, after adjusted for age, gender, smoking, total serum cholesterol, presence of hypertension and diabetes, revealed that individuals who carried T allele (TT + GT genotype) had an increased risk of CHD, compared to GG genotype (OR= 1.753,95%CI: 1.030-2.983, P＜0.05 ). There was also a remarkable difference noticed in the level of serum triglyceride by genotypes in CHD group and control group (t=5.242, P＜0.01; t=-3.499, P=0.001 ). Individuals in the two groups who carried T allele had higher level of serum triglyceride than those carried GG genotype. Individuals in CHD group who carried T allele had higher level of serum total cholesterol than those carried GG genotype (t=-2.465, P=0.014). Conclusion It seemed that the c.553G＞T polymorphism of ApoA5 gene had influenced on the level of serum triglyceride and the total cholesterol among Han population in Xinjiang. c.553G＞T polymorphism was associated with the development of CHD, while T allele might be an influencing risk factor on CHD.